Ageism As A Diversity Issue Essay - 2112 Words

Introduction Ageism is surprisingly common in Australia, particularly within the workforce. The definition of ageism in working life according to Furunes and Mykletun (2009), is the â€Å"stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination against ageing workers, based on chronological age or age categories such as older worker or senior†. This phenomenon has seen older workers increasingly subjected to biases and discriminatory practices when seeking and maintaining employment. Hence, the importance for organisations to understand current and trending issues on age discrimination, in order to draft and implement, effective, and relevant policies. The purpose of this report is to provide an in-depth analysis on ageism as a diversity issue in the workplace and to recommend organisational policies that recognise older workers as a strategic advantage. This analysis will focus on literature relevant to the recruitment and development of older workers. To begin with, this report will consider the conte xt of ageism in Australia providing a deeper understanding of the diversity issue. Furthermore, an extensive discussion on the positive and negative age stereotypes of older workers will follow. The report will then review literature regarding organisational practices towards recruitment and development from an age related perspective. Finally, recommendations will ensue, providing organisational best practise suggestions to create age positive recruitment and training experiences.Show MoreRelatedThe Importance of Eradicating Workplace Discrimination1323 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves to gain competitive advantages to survive. One of the most important advantages is workforce diversity. Because â€Å"A well performing team will create additional value to a company by combining individuals’ strengths and take advantage of synergies that may exist, thereby making the whole greater than the sum of its parts.† (Holtzman p.75). Hence, the requirement of workforce diversit y, especially heterogeneity is a must in the twenty first century. The benefits of heterogeneity are unparalleledRead MoreAgeism Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesDay to day, people face all sorts of discrimination in the world. One form of discrimination a person may encounter is ageism. Ageism is defined as prejudice against a certain age group. Whether that a young age such as teenagers, or an older age such as senior citizens. Ageism is everywhere. In the media of today’s world and in jobs. A common belief is ageism only targets those who are older in age, but this is not true. Teenagers and younger can face discrimination as well because of their ageRead MoreReducing the Divide between Young and Old1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe area of diversity that we will look at here is Ageism. First we will discuss some of the more important barriers that are present because of age. We will discuss how this group is affected by discrimination, prejudices, and stereotypes and some of the sources that perpetuate it. Finally we’ll attempt to show some strategies that both young and old can use to promote communication and understanding to hopefully reduce the divide between the young and old. In ancient times the old we’re valuedRead MoreAging and Disability Worksheet Part I Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesProgram Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Ageism 2. Social isolation 3. Retirement Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a form of discrimination. Ageism is being prejudice against someone because of their age. Normally you will seeRead MoreReflective Reflection On Diversity1028 Words   |  5 Pages As I reflect on the context of this course, I have gained new insights that deepened my understanding in the field of diversity, equity and social Justice. As a professional, I have learned that we can relate to other cultures through our social identities. As I mastered this course, I have become more respected to the diverse population by learning how to prepare for children and families from other cultures. Consequently, this would build their self-esteem. Furthermore, I feel that IRead MoreThe Changing Workforce1009 Words   |  5 Pagesterms of gender, race/ethnicity, generation, (McShane Travaglione, 2007) and the physically disabled (Robbins, 2003). Disadvantage of having workforce diversity The difference between globalisation and workforce diversity is that while globalisation focuses on differences between people from different countries, workforce diversity focus on the differences among people within the country. The workforce has always included members of diverse groups, but there were only a small percentageRead MoreAgeism and the Elderly2651 Words   |  11 PagesAgeism and the Elderly Decrepit, senile, over the hill, old fart or slow driver are often the words you hear when referring to â€Å"the elderly†. In 1969, Robert Butler, the first director of the National Institute on Aging was the first to use the term â€Å"ageism† to describe the stereotyping of people because of their age. The term ageism contains a negative bias or attitude toward the aging. This it a form of discrimination. While there is other ‘isms used in American society; sexism, or racismRead MoreEssay about Grumpy Old Men1086 Words   |  5 Pages GM, 6 Grumpy Old Men Assignment Grumpy Old Men Assignment The movie â€Å"Grumpy Old Men† starring Jack Lemon and Walter Matthau, portrays aging in its highs and lows through humor to soften the ageism put on the last stages of life. It exposes the disengagements, actions and social emotions of the second half of life from a development process. John Gustafson (Jack Lemon) spends a lot of time in his home alone playing chess. His mornings outsideRead MoreEssay Aging and Disability Worksheet1522 Words   |  7 PagesAging and Disability Worksheet Part 1 Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population 1. Health 2. Job security 3. Lack of respect from the younger youth 1. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a negative bias against a person or group of people on the grounds of age. Ageism or age discrimination is stereotyping against individuals or groups because of their age. It is usually focused on two targets: young adults and olderRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice Against The Elderly877 Words   |  4 PagesT he term ageism refers to discrimination and prejudice against the elderly. The term was introduced into the American vocabulary in 1971 by Robert Neil Butler, MD (January 21, 1927 – July 4, 2010). He was the first director of the National Institute on Aging. According to Doctor Butler, the three primary prejudicial attitudes seem to be: (1) old age, and the aging process; (2) discriminatory practices against older people; and (3) institutional practices and policies that perpetuate stereotypes

CCGPS (Georgia) High School World History Unit 4 Study Guide

1. Sarah and Angelina Grimke grew up in South Carolina on a slave plantation, and as they got older rejected the southern lifestyle and moved up north to advocate for the abolitionist movement and women’s rights. 2. The Nullification Crisis occurred in 1828 after The Tariff of Abominations put a tariff on imported goods; South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union. The tariff benefited the north but hurt the south. 3. The nullification crisis of 1832 was resolved by a proclamation from then President Andrew Jackson to the state of South Carolina denying them the right to nullify a standing federal law. 4. The Cotton Gin was the first machine that separated the actual cotton from the cotton seeds of the plant. Cotton†¦show more content†¦The raid at Harper’s Ferry wss to free the slaves and it was led by John Brown. 25. When the war began – The North was focused on Industrialization, The South was focused on agriculture, and they also had stronger military leaders. 26. a – Ulysses S. Grant was the leading general of the U.S Army, forced lee to surrender at Appomattox. Battles fought were Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and Appomattox Courthouse. b. Stonewall Jackson – Earned his nickname at the Battle of Bull Run because of his refusal to back down against the Union Army c. Abraham Lincoln - Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was the sixteenth president of the United States, Lincoln declared South Carolina s secession illegal and pledged to go to war to protect the federal union in 1861. d. Jefferson Davis - Jefferson Davis was an American politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history during the Civil War. e. Robert E. Lee – Commander of the Confederate Army. Battles fought were Antietam, Gettysburg, and Appomattox Courthouse. f. William Sherman - He was a Union army officer who captured Atlanta, Georgia on his famous March to the Sea. This marked a turning point in the war. 27. Habeas Corpus is the right for an individual not to be held in jail for more than 48 hours w/o a formal charge. Lincoln suspended this right during the war to lock up people who

Parliamentary Sovereignty Free Essays

â€Å"It remains a first principle of our constitutional law that Parliament in enacting primary legislation is sovereign. Parliamentary sovereignty has been qualified though not departed from in different ways by our adoption of the law of the European Union through the European Communities Act 1972 and by the Human Rights Act 1998. † Per Lord Justice Laws, R (MISICK) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2010] EWCA Civ 1549 Evaluate this statement with reference to appropriate legal authorities. We will write a custom essay sample on Parliamentary Sovereignty or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to evaluate this statement it is important to understand what Parliamentary sovereignty is and how it relates to European Union law with the enactment of the European Communities Act 1972 and the Human Rights Act 1998. The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty means that Parliament is the supreme Law maker of the UK, hence Parliament is free to make or unmake any law it wishes with the exception that it cannot limit its own power or bind itself when it comes to future legislation. This dictates that all courts must uphold legislation laid down by Parliament. â€Å"  The principle, therefore, of parliamentary sovereignty means neither more nor less than this, namely that â€Å"Parliament† has â€Å"the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament† The principle of Parliamentary sovereignty was derived from the fundamental doctrines of the Magna Carta, Petition of Rights and the Bill of Rights. Unlike many other countries the UK has no written constitution meaning that it is flexible to be interpreted in the courts however the judge sees fit. The doctrine of Parliamentary supremacy is clearly in conflict with the full recognition of the community law in the UK. However, many things act so as to make parliamentary supremacy delusive, since international treaty obligations mean that certain legislation would never be passed. The Treaty of Rome does not state that EU law is to take precedence over domestic law. However, the ECJ in the case of Costa v ENEL stated that member States are bound to follow EU law. This is reflected in the European Communities Act 1972, s 2(1) which provides that rights, powers and obligations under the Treaties are, without further enactment, to be given legal effect in member States. Accordingly, directly applicable and directly effective EU law would take precedence over domestic law and if domestic law conflicted with EU law, domestic law would need to be changed. The European Communities Act 1972 s. (1)4 directly imposes provisions of the Treaties, together with EU Regulations and other directly applicable European law, whether they were passed before or after the UK joined the European Union. It also invalidates existing domestic law wherever the two conflict and thereby the former is directly valid. Membership of the European Union is derogation from parliamentary sovereignty since all of the European Union’s powers flow from Parliament’s sove reignty through the original act, and therefore Parliament retains ultimate sovereignty. There is a limited retention of parliamentary sovereignty in many areas of European concern, since the UK has limited powers to determine penalties for breach of European Union law, and since the option is often left open in directives not to implement parts of the directive. It would appear that the doctrine of Parliament supremacy has been significantly qualified by the UK membership of the community. If absolute supremacy no longer exists, it could be restored by repealing European Community Act 1972. But the practical reality is that a new legal order has been created, in which the community law has supremacy over national law. The European Union was accused by Lord Denning of interfering with Parliament sovereignty in the absence of express authority by the EC Treaty. However the UK membership and the European Union have together caused a significant area of legislative power to pass to EU. This does not mean that it is permanent but if the UK decided to leave the European Union, then Parliament could exercise its ultimate sovereign authority by Act of Parliament and epeal the European Communities Act 1972, whereby the provisions of the EU Treaties would no longer have effect in domestic law. â€Å"If the supremacy within the European Community of Community law over the national law of member states was not always inherent in the EEC Treaty it was certainly well established in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice long before the United Kingdom joined the Community. Thus, w hatever limitation of its sovereignty Parliament accepted when it enacted the European Communities Act 1972 was entirely voluntary. † European Union Law challenges the concept of Parliamentary Sovereignty. The European Union also has the doctrine of supremacy which means all member states must adhere to European Union laws as opposed to their own national laws. This may have restrained Parliamentary Sovereignty in the UK upon its entry to the European Union in 1972. In order to comply with the European Court of Justice the UK Parliament enacted the European Communities Act 1972 and the Human Rights Act 1998. Lord Denning stated that signing the treaty was only the first step as Community law could not be implemented merely by signing a Treaty of Accession. Parliament passed the European Community Act 1972, which came into force on 1st January 1973, whereby Community law become applicable in the UK. â€Å"It is an essential aspect of sovereignty that all states should have supreme control over their internal affairs, subject to the recognised limitation imposed by international law. † Parliamentary approval is not required for EU legislation that is binding in the UK, which again jeopardises the UK sovereignty. The major case that encapsulates this is Factortame, by enacting the Merchant Shipping Act 1988, Parliament breached European law. In this case the compatibility was challenged. The Factortame decision marks a clear, if not important, that constitutional departure from the traditional view of parliamentary sovereignty. Since Factortame, UK law now recognises that Community institutions have the right to make decisions and issue regulations which may override legislation by Parliament. The Human Rights Act 1998 was introduced in order to comply with the European Convention of Human Rights so that national law was more compatible with European Union law and to protect Parliamentary sovereignty. It first came into force on 2 October 2000. The  Human Rights Act  empowers courts  to read legislation in such a way as to give effect to the European Convention on  Human Rights. Article 46 of the European Convention on Human Rights states that the government must abide by and must follow final decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. Actions of UK judges are limited by a constitutional compromise developed over centuries, while European judges have been given enormous power. Although Parliament could pass legislation today withdrawing Britain from the EU and Community law would cease to apply at the national level. The Human Rights Act 1998 seems only to go so far where Parliament is concerned as is shown with the relatively new anti-terrorism laws. S. 2(1) of the HRA makes it clear these laws are still to be interpreted by the courts in their own way. â€Å"A court or tribunal determining a question which has arisen in connection with a Convention right must take into account any judgment, declaration or advisory opinion of the European Court of Human Rights (b) decision of the Commission [etc. ] †¦. henever made or given, so far as, in the opinion of the court or tribunal, it is relevant to the proceedings in which that question has arisen. † Ever since the UK joined the EU in 1972, the EU has played an increasing role in Britain, and as a result has had an impact on the UK sovereignty. Therefore clearly any Community law would prevail over UK legislation passed before 1972, as this is uncontroversial and accords with the traditional doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. However, the doctrine depends largely on the obedience by the judiciary to the doctrine of implied repeal. So the issue arises as s. (4), which declares that any future enactment to be passed must be applied subject to the provisions of the ECA 1972. Therefore since Dicey defines sovereignty as continuing , it would seem that s. 2(4) is clearly an attempt by parliament, contrary to the very principle of the UK’s constitutional, to suspend the doctrine of implied repeal and consequently, bind its successors. As membership of the European Union is derogation from Parliamentary Sovereignty in practice, all of the European Unions’ powers flow from Parliament’s original Act and therefore surely Parliament retains ultimate supreme. Lord Denning stated that if the UK chose to take back complete supremacy it could easily do so by leaving the European Union. â€Å"If the time should come when our Parliament deliberately passes an Act†¦with the intention of repudiating the Treaty or any provision in it†¦ or intentionally of acting inconsistently with it†¦ and says so in express terms†¦ then I should have thought that it would be the duty of our courts to follow the statute of our Parliament. † This could create problems for the UK in certain areas, both economically and politically. The UK now having been a member state for nearly 30 years has to take the economic growth and other positive aspects with the negative aspects of being a member state, one being a lesser sense of Parliamentary sovereignty. As stated by Margaret Thatcher: â€Å"It is a myth that our membership of the Community will suffocate national tradition and culture. Are the Germans any less German for being in the Community, or the French any less French? Of course they are not! † References House of Commons European scrutiny committee. (2010). The EU Bill and Parliamentary sovereignty. Available: http://www. ublications. parliament. uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmeuleg/633/633i. pdf European Communities Act 1972. Available: http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1972/68/section/1. Last accessed  1st March 2012 Human Rights Act 1998. Available: http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents. Last accessed  1st March 2012 Brazier, R. (). APPENDIX 1: THE PARLIAMENT ACTS. Available: http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldconst/141/14104. htm. Last accessed 1st March 2012 Wagner, A. (2011). Does parliamentary sovereignty still reign supreme?. Available: http://www. guardian. o. uk/law/2011/jan/27/supreme-court-parliamentary-sovereignty. Last accessed 1st March 2012. (2011). Imprisoned by a Doctrine: The Modern Defence of Parliamentary Sovereignty. Available: http://ojls. oxfordjournals. org/content/early/2011/10/19/ojls. gqr027. abstract. Last accessed 1st March 2012 R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame (No. 2) [1991] 1 AC 603 Flaminio Costa v ENEL  [1964] ECR 585 (6/64) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Dicey, A. V. 1982 [1914]. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE LAW OF THE CONSTITUTION. 8th ed. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund [ 2 ]. Flaminio Costa v ENEL  [1964] ECR 585 (6/64) [ 3 ]. http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1972/68/section/1 [ 4 ]. Lord Denning  in Bulmer Ltd v J. Bollinger (1974) [ 5 ]. R v Secretary of State for Transport ex p Factortame (No. 2) [1991] 1 AC 603 [ 6 ]. Martin, E. Oxford Dictionary of Law (2002), 5th Edition, Oxford University Press, Press, Pg 469 [ 7 ]. http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1988/12/contents [ 8 ]. http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents [ 9 ]. Human Rights Act 1998, http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents [ 10 ]. Lord Denning How to cite Parliamentary Sovereignty, Essay examples